;;; RDFS ans OWL Meta model ----------------------------------------------------------------

;;; Declaring the triple template ---------------------------------
(deftemplate triple "Template representing a triple" 
 (slot predicate (default "")) 
 (slot subject   (default "")) 
 (slot object    (default ""))
)

;;; Declaring facts of the meta-model of OWL ----------------------
(deffacts OWLModel "Facts of the meta-model of RDFS and OWL"

  ;;; Resource is a Class
  (triple 
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
  )
  
  ;;; Class is a subtype of Resource
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource")
  )
  
  ;;; Class is a Class
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
  )

  ;;; Thing is a Class
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
  )

  ;;; Nothing is a Class
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
  )

  ;;; Property is a Class
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
  )
  
  ;;; Domain is a Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property")
  )
  
  ;;; Range is a Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Data Type Property' is a Class
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Data Type Property' is a subtype of Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Object Property' is a Class
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Object Property' is a subtype of Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property")
  )
  
  ;;; Type is an 'Object Property'
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Transitive Property' is a subtype of ObjectProperty
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Sub Class Of' is a 'Transitive Property'
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Sub Property Of' is a 'Transitive Property'
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Symmetric Property' is a subtype of ObjectProperty
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Inverse Of' is a Symmetric Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Equivalent Property' is a Symmetric Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Equivalent Class' is a Symmetric Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Same Individual' is a Symmetric Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Complement Of' is a Symmetric Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#complementOf")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Different From' is a Symmetric Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Disjoint With' is a Symmetric Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
  )


  ;;; 'Equivalent Property' is a Transitive Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Equivalent Class' is a Transitive Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty")
  )

  ;;; 'Same Individual' is a Transitive Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty")
  )

  
  ;;; 'Functional Property' is a subtype of Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property")
  )
  
  ;;; 'Inverse Functional Property' is a subtype of Property
  (triple
   (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf")
   (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#InverseFunctionalProperty")
   (object    "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property")
  )
  
  ;;; sameAs is equivalent to sameIndividualAs
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentProperty")
           (subject   "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs")
           (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs")
   ) 
)


;;; Adding rules for forward completion of the base ----------------------------

;;; Propagate transitive properties
(defrule transitivity (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?x) (object ?y)) 
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?z) (object ?x))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject   ?p)
           (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty")
   ) 
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?z) (object ?y)))
)

;;; Complete typing of instances of objects with inherited types
(defrule subClassOf_transitive_typing  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf") (subject ?y) (object ?z))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?x) (object ?y))
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?x) (object ?z)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?x) (object ?z)))
)

;;; Complete typing of instances of properties with inherited types
(defrule subPropertyOf_transitive_typing  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf") (subject ?y) (object ?z)) 
   (triple (predicate ?y) (subject ?a) (object ?b))
   (not (triple (predicate ?z) (subject ?a) (object ?b)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate ?z) (subject ?a) (object ?b)))
)

;;; Default behavior for signature propagation
(defrule rdfs_domain_signature_transitivity  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf") (subject ?x) (object ?y)) 
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain") (subject ?y) (object ?z)) 
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain") (subject ?x) (object ?z))) 
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain") (subject ?x) (object ?z)))
)

(defrule rdfs_range_signature_transitivity  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf") (subject ?x) (object ?y)) 
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range") (subject ?y) (object ?z)) 
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range") (subject ?x) (object ?z)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range") (subject ?x) (object ?z)))
)

;;; Complete with instances of symmetric properties
(defrule symmetry (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject   ?p)
           (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
   ) 
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?x) (object ?y))
   (not (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?y) (object ?x)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?y) (object ?x)))
)

;;; Complete with instances of inverse properties
(defrule inverse (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf")
           (subject   ?p1)
           (object    ?p2)
   ) 
   (triple (predicate ?p1) (subject ?x) (object ?y))
   (not (triple (predicate ?p2) (subject ?y) (object ?x)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate ?p2) (subject ?y) (object ?x)))
)

;;; The inverse property of a functional property is an inverse functional property
(defrule inverse-of-functional (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf")
           (subject   ?p1)
           (object    ?p2)
   ) 
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject ?p1)
           (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty")
   )
   (not (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject ?p2)
           (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#InverseFunctionalProperty")
         )
   )
   => 
   (assert
     (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject ?p2)
           (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#InverseFunctionalProperty")
     )
   )
)

;;; The inverse property of an inverse functional property is a functional property 
(defrule inverse-of-inverse-functional (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf")
           (subject   ?p1)
           (object    ?p2)
   ) 
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject ?p1)
           (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#InverseFunctionalProperty")
   )
   (not (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject ?p2)
           (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty")
         )
   )
   => 
   (assert
     (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject ?p2)
           (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty")
     )
   )
)

;;; Complete with instances of equivalent classes
(defrule equivalent-class-one (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass")
           (subject   ?t1)
           (object    ?t2)
   ) 
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?x) (object ?t1))
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?x) (object ?t2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?x) (object ?t2)))
)

;;; Complete hierarchy with equivalent classes: if t1 <=> t2 then t1 < t2
;;; by symmetry we also get t2 < t1
(defrule equivalent-class-two (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass")
           (subject   ?t1)
           (object    ?t2)
   ) 
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf") (subject ?t1) (object ?t2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf") (subject ?t1) (object ?t2)))
)

;;; Members of disjoint classes are different instances
(defrule members-of-disjoint-classes-are-different (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith") (subject   ?c1) (object    ?c2)) 
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?o1) (object ?c1))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?o2) (object ?c2))
   (test (neq ?c1 ?c2))
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom") (subject ?o1) (object ?o2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom") (subject ?o1) (object ?o2)))
)

;;; Two classes subsuming each other are equivalent 
(defrule two-classes-subsuming-each-other-are-equivalent (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf") (subject ?c1) (object ?c2))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf") (subject ?c2) (object ?c1))
   (test (neq ?c1 ?c2))
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass") (subject ?c1) (object ?c2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass") (subject ?c1) (object ?c2)))
)

;;; Complete instances with properties of equivalent instances 
(defrule equivalent-instance-one (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs")
           (subject   ?s1)
           (object    ?s2)
   ) 
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s1) (object ?o))
   (not (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s2) (object ?o)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s2) (object ?o)))
)

(defrule equivalent-instance-two (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs")
           (subject   ?o1)
           (object    ?o2)
   ) 
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s) (object ?o1))
   (not (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s) (object ?o2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s) (object ?o2)))
)

;;; Complete instances of properties with instances of equivalent properties
(defrule equivalent-property-one (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentProperty")
           (subject   ?p1)
           (object    ?p2)
   ) 
   (triple (predicate ?p1) (subject ?s) (object ?o))
   (not (triple (predicate ?p2) (subject ?s) (object ?o)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate ?p2) (subject ?s) (object ?o)))
)

;;; Complete hierarchy with equivalent properties: if p1 <=> p2 then p1 < p2
;;; by symmetry we also get p2 < p1
(defrule equivalent-property-two (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentProperty")
           (subject   ?p1)
           (object    ?p2)
   ) 
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf") (subject ?p1) (object ?p2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf") (subject ?p1) (object ?p2)))
)

;;; Two properties subsuming each other are equivalent 
(defrule two-properties-subsuming-each-other-are-equivalent (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf") (subject ?p1) (object ?p2))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf") (subject ?p2) (object ?p1))
   (test (neq ?p1 ?p2))
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentProperty") (subject ?p1) (object ?p2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentProperty") (subject ?p1) (object ?p2)))
)

;;; Derive equivalence from multiple instantiations of a functional property with the same subject
(defrule functional-property-equivalence (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject   ?p)
           (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty")
   ) 
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s) (object ?o1))
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s) (object ?o2))
   (test (neq ?o1 ?o2))
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs") (subject ?o1) (object ?o2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs") (subject ?o1) (object ?o2)))
)

;;; Derive equivalence from multiple instantiations of inverse functional property with the same object
(defrule inverse-functional-property-equivalence (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
           (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
           (subject   ?p)
           (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#InverseFunctionalProperty")
   ) 
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s1) (object ?o))
   (triple (predicate ?p) (subject ?s2) (object ?o))
   (test (neq ?s1 ?s2))
   (not (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs") (subject ?s1) (object ?s2)))
   => 
   (assert (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs") (subject ?s1) (object ?s2)))
)

;;; Complete the extension of the Thing class with all other classes
(defrule everything-is-a-thing  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type") (subject ?s) (object ?o))
   (not (triple
          (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
          (subject ?s) (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing")
        )
   )
   => 
   (assert (triple
          (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
          (subject ?s) (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing")
        )
   )
)

;;; A property inverse of it-self is symmetric 
(defrule a-property-inverse-of-it-self-is-symmetric (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#inverseOf") (subject ?p) (object ?p))
   (not    (triple
             (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
             (subject   ?p)
             (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
           )
   )
   => 
   (assert (triple
             (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
             (subject   ?p)
             (object    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#SymmetricProperty")
           ) 
   )
)

;;; Adding rule for coherence checking  ----------------------------------

;;; Check the extension of Nothing is empty
(defrule nothing-is-nothing  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple
          (predicate "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type")
          (subject ?s) (object "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing")
        )
   =>
   (printout t "Error: " ?s " was found to be of type Nothing, which is not possible." crlf)
)

;;; A resource cannot be different from it-self
(defrule different-from-it-self  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom") (subject ?o) (object ?o))
   =>
   (printout t "Error: " ?o " was found to be different from it-self, which is not possible." crlf)
)

;;; Two resources cannot be different and identical
(defrule different-and-identical  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom") (subject ?o1) (object ?o2))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameIndividualAs") (subject ?o1) (object ?o2))
   (test (neq ?o1 ?o2))
   =>
   (printout t "Error: " ?o1 " and " ?o2 " were found to be different and the same, which is not possible." crlf)
)

;;; A class cannot be disjoint with it-self
(defrule disjoint-with-it-self  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith") (subject ?c) (object ?c))
   =>
   (printout t "Error: " ?c " was found to be disjoint with it-self, which is not possible." crlf)
)

;;; Two classes cannot be disjoint and equivalent
(defrule disjoint-and-equivalent  (declare (salience 100))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith") (subject ?c1) (object ?c2))
   (triple (predicate "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass") (subject ?c1) (object ?c2))
   (test (neq ?c1 ?c2))
   =>
   (printout t "Error: " ?c1 " and " ?c2 " were found to be disjoint and equivalent, which is not possible." crlf)
)

;;; EOF